Photometer chart



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L. KELLOGG.

PHOTOMETER CHART.

APPLICATION'FILED JUNE 9,1919.

Patented June 13, 1922.

. 2 SHEETS-SHEET l- L. KELLOGG.

PHOTOMETER CHART.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 9. 1919.

1,419,385. Patented June 13, 1922.

2 SHEETSSHEET 2.

LEROY KELLOGG, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

PHOTOME'IER CHART.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application file d June 9, 1919. Serial No. 302,711.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, LEROY KnLLoGc, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of the city of Chicago, county of Cook, and

State of Illinois, have invented Certain new and "useful Improvements in-Photometer Charts, of which the following is a specififorming a part cation.

My invention relates to a photometer chart and has for its object the provision of a simple and inexpensive device bywhich the necessary timeof exposuresfor-the production of clear and sharp'negatives maybe accurately and quickly determined. Another object is the production ofa .device by which the various shades of prints may be determined during the printing process. Other objects will appear hereinafter.

The invention consists in the combinations and arrangements of parts hereinafter described'andclaimedik', 4

The inventionwill be best'understood by reference to the accompanying drawings of this'specification, and in which, l 1

Fig. 1, is a perspective-view of-my invention, :v I Fig. 2, is a top plan'view ofmy invention, Fig. 3 is a perspective view of a; camera embodying the invention,

Fig. 4 1s a fragmentary. top planv view showing the invention applied to a camera,

and

\ Fig. 5 is a fragmentary sectional view of the invention applied toa camera.

In making photographic exposures, it is necessary to time the exposure in accordance with the shadows which surround and which are upon the object which is i' to be hotographed, irrespective of the bright 11g ts in the field of view. A photographic-negative is not considered to be technically perfect unless there is detail in that part vof the technically perfect photo photographed object which bearsthe jdeepest shadows. Consequently, in order to get a aphic negative, it is necessary that the sensitivefilm. or plate. be exposed a sufficient length of time. to

permit that part of the object upon which. the darkest shadows appear, to stand out clear and distinct uponthe photographic negative.- It, therefore,is evident thatthe light which proceeds from the shadowed portion of the object tobe photographed be- .comes the criterion of the necessary time for exposure, and that the light from the whiter or brighter part of the object to be photographed is not considered in determining the necessary time of exposure.

It is also apparent, consequently, that the brightness or dullness of the day upon which the photograph is to be taken, is not a determining factor, but that the light which proceeds from the object itself becomes the determiningfactor. 1n photographing different objects under the same light conditions, the length of time necessary for exposure will always be the same, but the light often varies on account of reflections from other objects and the casting of shadowsupon the photographed object.

Patented: June 13, 1922. I

:To determine the depth of the deepest shadow upon the object to be photographed, I provide a chart 6, the preferable form of whichis acircul-ar disc divided into sectors 15. The different sectorsbeing colored differently, beginning with a white sector and passing through the various graduated tones to a; dark brown or deep gray.

, Thesedi'fferently shaded sectors correspond to the shades which are customarily found upon objectsto be photographed and the necessary time ofexposure of a photographic plate to bring out clearly and distinctly the details of the shadowed portion of the object are pre-- determinedand the necessary time of exposure ls'preferably'printed upon the shaded segment or portion.

In the use of the colored chart, with its graduated tones printed or painted thereon, the chart ..is placed adjacent the shadow which is cast on the ground glass of the camera.

enclosed in a black hood, and the image of .the object to be photographed is cast upon upon which the various graduatedtones ap- In taking photographs, the operatorfirsts adjusts his camera with his head )ear is inde endent of the camera and is I 7 P 7 vtive is quickly arrived at and rendered a very simple operation.

This device may also be used with a camera in which an object-finder is used. In

this case the camera 7, which is provided with the usual handle 8, and the usual shutter 9, is equipped with the usual type of object-finder 9'. I have shown .an objectfinder equipped with a cover 10 which serves to shield the object-finder and its co-oper- .ating colored chart 6, when not in use, but

this cover 10 may be dispensed with, inasmuch as the chart 6, which is used in conjunction with the object-finder, is preferably constructed of celluloid or some, other material which is not subject to deterioration or damage by climatic conditions. The object-finder is equipped with the usual ground glass 11 and the inclined mirror 12, and the ground 1 late 13, as will be! readily understood. ounted adjacent the glass 13, in any suitable manner, is a disc 14, having a central aperture through which observation ofa shadow may be'made and which is divided into sectors, the different sectors being colored, beginning with a white sector and passingthrough various graduated tones to a deep dark gray, these various colors corresponding to the color of the various shadows which are generally encountered in photographic work. The disc is so colored that it will be possible to match the various tones which the objects may present in the object-finder, very c osely, at least, with one of the tones appearing on the colored chart. These differently colored sectors are also marked so as to indicate the necessary time of exposure when an object presents shadows corresponding to any of these colors.

Although I have shown the device in the form of a disc, divided into different colored sectors, it may be equally well applied in the form of an elongated strip, in which case, when applied to a camera in conjunction with an object-finder, it would be slidably mounted in a slot provided on the camera.

I am aware that various devices have been used for the urpose of ascertaining the depth of a sha ow and thereby determining the necessary time of exposure to produce a clear and distinct negative, but the device which I have invented is used, primarily, for

' print in photographic printing work.

the direct comparison of the shadow with the chart, that is, the chart is placed alongside of the shadow so that when the corresponding color of the chart is ad'acent the shadow, the two blend into one. here the shadow is cast upon a ground glass plate, the chart is placed flatly against the plate, thereby affording an accurate and quick method of determining the depth of the shadow. In the various devices with which I am acquainted, which have been used for the purpose of. ascertaining the depth of a shadow, a considerable distance separates the meter device from the shadow chart, with a consequent result of inaccuracy and less perfect work.

Another beneficial use to which the chart which I have invented may be applied, is in determining the depth of the colorin%vohf a en the chart is designed to be used for this purpose, the variou's sectors'would be colored in the various shades of brown or other 001- ors which the print may assume. In order to determine when the print is developed sufficiently, that color of the chart corresponding to the color desired in the print would be placed in close juxtaposition to the deepest shadow appearing on the print. By this method a print may be developed until a..95 predetermined depth of shadow is arrived at with a consequent result of more uniform printing in the various prints and also with a consequent saving of print paper, owing to the fact that there'is little danger of overdevgloping the print when this method is use F While I have illustrated and described the preferred form of construction for carrying my invention into effect, this is capable of variation and modification without departing from the spirit of the invention. I, therefore, do not wish to be limited to the precise details of construction set forth, but desire to avail myself of such variations and modifications as come within the scope of the appended claims.

I Iaving described my invention, What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is: I 115 '1. In combination with a; camera object finder having. a ground glass; a chart divided into a number of sectors, each of said sectors bearing graduated colors and a central aperture formed in said chart afl'ording means for direct comparison of said graduated colors with-a shadow of an object present in the said object finder, substan- I tially as described.

2. In combination with a camera object finder having a ground glm; a chart positioned above said ground las, said chart divided.into aplurality o sectorslbearing graduated colors affording means for direct comparison with a shadow of an object pres- 130 ent in said objectfinder; a central aperture formed in said chart through which the shadow present in said object finder may be observed; and representations of seconds displayed on each of said sectors for predetermining the time of exposure, substantially as described.

' In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses. v

' LEROY KELLOGG.

Witnesses: l JOSHUA R. H. Po'r'rs,

HEmN F. LILLIS. 

